Medical+Discoveries

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**Medical discoveries have prolonged the life expectancy of humans. Your job is to research a medical discovery** **and post your understanding here:**
Asthma

Asthma is a disease of the airways, apparently there is no cure for asthma, there have been significant developments in asthma medications, devices and treatments to help you control your asthma.

The best way to control your asthma is to develop an Asthma Action Plan in consultation with your doctor and take the medications as directed. There is also an asthma pump it is used if you can’t breath properly.

by Olivia

Breast Cancer ! What are the symptoms of breast cancer? The most common symptom of breast Cancer is a lump that feels different to the other skin on your breast. Or the tissue on your breast can start to go a brownish gray colour. There is also a symptom when your nipple starts to bleed. When you have breast cancer it can spread into the bones. What are the causes of breast cancer? If breast cancer is in your family history you are more likely to get breast cancer. Women who are Caucasian are more likely to get breast cancer then Asian, Latino and African women. Also drinking an intake alcohol can cause breast cancer. Are there any cures for breast cancer? Researches say that if you exercise it helps prevent breast cancer. If we avoid bad foods that can help prevent cancer. And no there are no cures for cancer. They say it costing millions of dollars to find a cure for cancer. By Jade

One Medical Disvovery other then x-ray’s is a scan called Bone scan. This is used to deacte other stuff that the x-ray normally can not deteact Eg; bones that are not in there propa places or if they aren’t the form there supppose to be in,cancer and excrate. The bone scan covers every part of your body which makes it a long process You lie down in about 2-3 different ways (your back, your stomach and then your stoamch again with your hands on you head) the scaner is like a big magnet it turns around your body to get to the other side to check for all numbers of diagnose’s it cames down nearly touching your face and body. During the Bone scan you need lie perfectly still and make sure you don’t breath to heavly to make your stomach go up otherwise the scaner moves up aswell as your stomach. By Steph  = = Autism This is a disorder, it stays with people forever. My brother got diagnosed with this when he turned two. We could tell he had something wrong with him when he used to look at the ceiling and then he would stare and laugh. My brother stare's at nothing and he looks like he's blank, he doesn’t talk at all, this would be like all children that have been diagnosed with this. People can help this syndrome with Fish oil, protein, education, sign language and lots of treatment to cure them. They won’t be cured fully but they will get better. Yasmin
 * Bone Scan**

= = = = =Tamiflu=

if you dont take the drug within 12 -48 hours of when the syptoms occur it could be fatal.
What is Asthma? Asthma is a disease of the airways that unfortunately can not be cured yet but luckily it can be helped. Asthma is helped by a Ventolin Inhaler or for some worse patients there is the Airspacer/Aerochamber

Asthma Attacks happen when something sets of a trigger in the air ways, your airways become inflamed and swollen, the muscles around the airways tighten and it becomes very difficult to breathe. Sometimes mucus, a sneeze or a cough could help trigger an attack. In some cases breathing would become so difficult that the asthma would be life threatening.

What is COPD? COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a lung disease that makes breathing difficult. It is caused by hurt or damaged lungs usually from smoking over many years.

What is Chronic Bronchitis?   Chronic Bronchitis is another type of lung disease that happens when the bronchial tubes that carry air to your lungs get inflamed and makes lots of mucus. This can narrow or block airways making it hard for you to breathe. What is Emphysema?  The tiny air sacs in the lungs are like balloons. As you breathe in and out, they get bigger and smaller as air moves into and out of your lungs. But with emphysema, these air sacs are damaged and become stretched. Like old balloons, they get overstretched and break down. Old air gets trapped in the air sacs, so there’s no room for new air to get in which makes you feel short of breath.  Top of Form 

What is a Blood Transfusion?
==A Blood Transfusion is a safe innovation that saves lives and gets blood to well needing patients. There is a person who donates blood which drawn out with a needle and given to another patient in need of it.==

The First Attempt...
==**...**was in **1492 when Pope Innocent VIII sank into a coma but the first successful transfusion wasn't until 1665 when a doctor drained blood from a medium sized dog and put blood from a large Mastiff (another type of dog for those of you who don't know it) back into it's system. The dog soon returned to it's doggish kind of lifestyle. The Procedure...**==

__DON'T TRY THIS AT HOME!!! __ [|www.wikpedia.com] []
 * 1) The donor (donated) blood must be kept refrigerated to ease the risk of infection.
 * 2) The Procedure must start within 30 minutes after it as come out of the refrigderator.
 * 3) The donor blood must be the same type as the patient's or bad reactions like this could happen... [[image:12_18facetumor.jpg width="348" height="204" align="center"]]
 * 4) PPPPPLLLLLEEEEAAAASSSSEEEE trust me on this one!!
 * 5) Only up to 500ml at a time to inserted or heart failure may occur.

One thousand years ago the average person in Europe could expect to live only about 30 years. Out of 100 children that were born, 40 of them would die before their first birthday. A medical discovery is X Rays. A German Physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen made X Rays in 1895. For the first time doctors were able to see inside a human’s body without acturrly opening it. X Rays help us see if we have diseases or broken bones inside our body that you cannot see on the outside. Without X Rays, you might not realise you have a disease until it strikes. X Rays can detect early lung cancer, broken bones, it is also possible for X Rays to find stomach problems, for example if there is something inside the stomach that is not supposed to be there. But it may not detect it all the time since the stomach is hard to see in an X Ray because X Rays are mostly used to detect skeletal problems. X Rays help us live longer because they help detect symptoms and stuff that doctors can fix before it gets too late. - Jemma [] []

**Excellent work Jemma - if you used a website/book to research the information, put the name of the website/book at the end!**

<span style="font-size: 9pt; background: rgb(34,10,189); color: black; font-family: 'Impact', 'sans-serif'; moz-background-clip: border; moz-background-origin: padding; moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;">Blood Groups <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'Impact', 'sans-serif';"> An adult human has about 4-6 litres of blood travelling around the body in the veins. The medical discovery that I researched was the discovery of the blood groups. It was the year of 1901 when the Australian Karl Landsteiner made the discovery that all blood was not the same and that there were different groups, before that time many blood transfusion experiments were held and many people died. When mixing two different blood types the blood would clump together. The clumped red cells can crack and cause a toxic reaction. When mixing two different blood types the blood would clump together, this normally has fatal consequences. Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood clumping is a reaction that occurs when the blood has antibodies against the donor blood cells. Karl Landsteiner’s work made it possible to determine blood group and make blood transfusions all together safer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1930.

<span style="background: rgb(69,30,204); moz-background-clip: border; moz-background-origin: padding; moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;">What is the blood made of..? One of the bloods purpose is to transport oxygen to all parts of the body. Blood consists of several types of cells floating around in a fluid called plasma. The red blood cells transport oxygen to the body tissues and also remove carbon dioxide from the body tissues. The white blood cells fight infection. The Platelets help the blood to clot if you have a wound. The Plasma contains salt and various kinds of proteins.



The differences in human blood are due to the protein molecules called antigens and antibodies on the surface of the blood cells. The mostly used blood types are those of which are in the AB0 and Rh blood groups. There are 4 different types. A-If you belong to the blood group A you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma. B-If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma. <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: black; font-family: 'Impact', 'sans-serif';"> AB-If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.



O-If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

-taylah metaxas

**Penicillin**

Penicillin was discovered after World War 1. Penicillin is a medicine that cures infections. Penicillin kills bacteria by interfering with the ability to synthesize cell wall. In this sequence, Escherichia coli were incubated in penicillin for 30 minutes. The bacteria lengthen, but cannot divide. Eventually the weak cell wall ruptures. Originally noticed by a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne, in 1896. Penicillin was re-discovered by bacteriologist Alexander Fleming working at St. Mary's Hospital in London in 1928. He observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold and that colonies of bacteria adjacent to the mold were being dissolved. Curious, Alexander Fleming grew the mold in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. Naming the substance penicillin, Dr. Fleming in 1929 published the results of his investigations, noting that his discovery might have helpful value if it could be produced in quantity.
 * History of Penicillin **



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[|www.cellsalive.com] [|http://inventors.about.com]

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255,0,0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">- Jake **

=Chemotherapy=

Chemotherapy is the most common form of treatment for cancer, and is also used for other diseases such as Leukemia and other life threatening illnesses. If your wondering "how is that meant to help us live longer?" you see, if you have cancer or any other life threatening illnesses, you wont have long to live, but if you have chemotherapy it will destroy cancer or any other illness and will make you live longer and have a happy life. -nathan v


 * //__AYDAN__//**

Eye glasses were first introduced in the year 1286. They are a medical discovery because it helps people that cant see very well, distance and some times they are for people that are get ing old. Without glasses we would not have a perfect life.

Cataract Cataract is a eye disease what it dose is makes like a sheet on to of your eye and you don’t even know it is there. So what it dose is makes your eyesight fuzzy. There is a cure thanks to Fred hollows that found the treatment to cataract. The treat meant goes for about a minute it is a bit like laser eye treatment because they lie you down and put you under the machine the laser clears it out. You can also go to the Fred hollows foundation to donate but unfortunately died in Sydney in 1993 at the age of 63. <span style="display: block; font-size: 103%; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> JOSHUA LUI- Antibiotics ** Antibiotics are medications taken to fight infections caused by bacteria. They were first avaliable in world war II, and were called "wonder drugs" becasue of their safety and effectiveness records. Well-known antibiotics includes penicillin, streptomycin (antibiotics, which helps stop Tuberculosis, which is a disease that mainly attacks the lungs), erythromycin (which is a antibiotic that is similar to penicillin but is for people that have an allergy to penicillin). [|http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/A-An/Antibiotics.html]
 * 1) PETER31#



SKIN CANCER Skin cancer occurs when skin cells are damaged for example overexoposion to the sun. Between 95% and 99% are caused by overexposure from the sun. There are three main types of skin cancer and they are melanoma which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma and squamous carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are not as dangerous as melanoma but are still dangerous.So if you don't want to get skin cancer then these are some signs to look out for . Small lumps that are red pale or pearly in colour . New spots,freckles or any moles changing in colour,thickness or shape over a period of weeks to months( especially those dark brown to black, red or blue-black in colour).** If you have skin cancer on your foot like my uncle did then you would have to get practicly half of your foot taken off or the part where the skin cancer is and then replace it with skin from another place of your body,( like your arm or your stomach).
 * . Any crusty non healing sores

Melanoma skin cancer Most dangerous skin cancer

[] -Emma-


 * //First Human Vaccine Against Bird Flu//**

In 2007, the treat of a world wide Bird flu got a little bit less scary. The deadly disease has killed 207 people and infected 336 since 2003. This year, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) aproved the first human vaccine against the Bird Flu. -Jesse-

AIDS Aids kill of the immune system withc is the good stuf it helps you provent you from geting deiseases if we did not have an immune system we would all ways be sick by Nathan James

Wilhelm Roentgen was born on the 27th March 1845 in Lennep, Prussia. X- rays are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with a higher frequency than ultraviolet radiation. They are usually used when someone may have braken a bone, so they get an e-ray to see if you have broken a bone. If you have had an X-ray you would remember going under a machine and the machine fire invisable **X-rays** to see through your flesh, and get a photo of your bones. The X in X-rays stands for **unknown**, because when it was discovered it was ‘unknown’. Wilhelm Rontgen died on the 10th February 1923, aged 77 in Munich, Germany.
 * <span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Calibri; mso-no-proof: yes; msonoproof: yes;">X-Rays **



[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen] [|27] [] -Jacob (ilikechocolate)